One shouldn't think that dental surgery is needed only in order of teeth removal. Removal is an extreme measure, and nowadays it is rarely used. In most cases surgery visa versa saves and restores teeth, and not only them. Dental surgery is aimed onto all oral cavity functions restoration with the maximum tissues preservation.
Teeth implantation – is one of the newest areas of dentistry. One can be sure that in a couple of decades it will change greatly, will enrich with new materials, drugs and techniques. It is quite possible that techniques of surgical intervention and indications on which it is carried out will also change.
Before tooth implantation carrying out a series of preparatory operations is required. This is necessary for sufficient height and thickness of the alveolar bone for future implant placement formation. With this task bone capacity operations with artificial materials, taken from the donor area, usage coupling greatly. Only after the complete healing of tissues an implantation is possible.
A gum plastic (gingivoplasty) is intended for root surface closure, which creates an aesthetic effect. However, these operations are carried out not just for beauty, but, above all, for teeth health, because the bare neck can cause unpleasant consequences.
Gingivoplasty can be applied after flap surgeries, which are denudating the tooth neck, as well as a way to prevent such illnesses as recessions, diastemata and periodontitis.
For disease prevention dentists apply for such surgeries as Frenulotomy, Frenulectomy and Frenuloplasty.
Frenulotomy or ankylotomy, is carried out in infancy period with the presence of a shortened frenulum.
Frenulectomy is a process of the frenulum excision in the central upper incisors area, if the upper lip frenulum if strong enough.
Frenuloplasty is the transfer of frenulum with the help of grafts taken from the submucosal layer. The operation is performed on the bridle of the upper lip or tongue.
Microsurgical treatment of cysts and granulomas is carried out in two ways, depending on specific conditions. This can be a complete removal of the tumor or their excision. During the process of excision the cyst wall is fully removed, in a result of which it is left open into the oral cavity threshold or directly into the oral cavity itself.
Cysts and granulomas are formed during periodontal diseases, and their removal can be a part of a complex of measures for their treatment.
Periodontal diseases (periodontal tissues) can cause a lost not just of one tooth, through which the infection got into the oral cavity, but also the lost of all healthy teeth left. A long-period complex therapeutic treatment, which not always gains its goal, is necessary to carry out. Almost always a surgery intervention for infection and diseased by it tissues removal, as well as for bone tissues destruction process is needed to be applied. After operations courses of orthopedic and physical therapy, including medication, are conducted.
Surgical treatment of periodontal disease is extremely diverse: these are flap surgeries, curettage operation and vestibular plastic. Under local problems, caused by anatomical features, operations of frenulum excision are conducted.
During inflammatory periodontal diseases tooth-preserving surgeries are carried out. Their main task is maximally tooth preservation and its functionality restoration.
Amputation or tooth root removal is performed on the upper large molars. The affected with the disease tooth is removed.
Removing of more than a half of the tooth – hemisection – involves tooth root together with its coronal part deletion. The surgery is performed on the lower molars.
Crown radicular separation – is a process of tooth crown in its grooves area cutting. The operation is typical for the lower molars.
The type and the method of surgery intervention onto the periodontal tissues dependents on the degree of tissue damage by infection and on the size of the space between tooth and gum (periodontal pocket).
Curettage – is an additional method for periodontal pocket cleaning.
Gingivotomy – is a supplement to curettage or a part of flap surgery. It is carried out with vertical or horizontal cut of periodontal pocket.
Gingivectomy – now is used very rarely and only on the posterior teeth, because it is fraught with roots exposure.
Diathermocoagulation is performed during the treatment of gingivitis with the overgrowth of gum tissues and periodontal abscess. The method involves the use of high-frequency electric current.
Cryosurgery involves the use of low temperatures, under the influence of which the cells disintegrate. This method has worked well in ulcerative stomatitis, tumors, hypertrophic gingivitis and periodontal disease treatment.
Flap surgeries are conducted when it is necessary to close the teeth roots, slow down the periodontal development and to extend the life-period of your teeth. They make it possible to eliminate the epicenter of infection and to reconstruct periodontal lesions.
The main difference between flap surgeries and other types of operations is the ability to peel off a part of the tissue (flap). This feature helps the dentist to get to the bone pocket and to apply the methods of plastic surgery.
Sometimes dental surgery even helps the tooth to erupt if it can't do this itself (retention). Usually such a problem is typical for wisdom teeth but sometimes it arises among upper canines also. If the wisdom teeth retention does not strongly affect the tooth row functionality and aesthetics, we can't say the same about the canines. To help them to erupt dentists combine the methods of dental surgery treatment with orthodontic one.
As we can see, the dental surgery is very diverse. It permeates all aspects of dentistry, empowering them and giving a scope for the further development.
